Views: 61 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2022-10-21 Origin: Site
Piezoelectric ceramic components are a type of semiconductor that can convert mechanical or elastic stress into electrical potential and vice versa. The piezoelectric ceramic materials in this technology share similar characteristics, including bimorph-like crystalline structures with diffuse covalent bonds and ionic centers. This article will provide an overview of the working principle of piezoelectric ceramic capacitors and how they are used.
Piezoelectric Ceramic Component
Piezoelectric ceramics behave similarly to a capacitor by storing electric charge when exposed to external mechanical stress or strain, with thoutput voltage dependent upon the magnitude of the applied pressure. The piezoelectric ceramic capacitor consists of two thin, flat plates separated by a small distance. When exposed to mechanical stress, the bottom plate deforms, while the top plate becomes thinner.
Because piezoelectric ceramics have polarization and conductivity directly related to the applied mechanical stress, stored charge accumulates at each of the two plates due to the reduced distance between them. The output voltage will then be proportional to the mechanical pressure and the plate's charge difference.
Piezoelectric ceramic capacitors offer a simple, high-performance method of providing pulsed voltage output and have been successfully applied for various applications. For instance, the piezoelectric ceramic capacitors are used as actuators in flexible thin film microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microphones and actuators for planar vibration sensors. These MEMS devices are based on piezoelectric ceramic thin film plates in conjunction with highly sensitive materials to measure small changes in mechanical deformations.
Piezoelectric Ceramic Tube Element
They eliminate the need for mechanical switches or moving parts, making them ideal for applications such as integrated circuits and radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags. Piezoelectric ceramics are also used for measuring the frequency and phase of a local vibration source. In addition to the simple pulsed voltage output, piezoelectric ceramics can also be used to provide a voltage ramp waveform or continuously variable waveform. This waveform variation is particularly useful in motion control applications in which the waveform variation is necessary to control an external torque perturbation.
Like any other ceramic components, piezoelectric ceramic capacitors can break when subjected to very severe stress or excessive vibration that exceeds their survival level. When this happens, the pressure of the plates will not transfer properly into electrical output. This can be caused by non-uniform stress distribution within the piezoelectric ceramic plate area or excessive stress concentration near the edges of the plate. Piezoelectric ceramics also experience decreased electrical output when exposed to electromagnetic radiation; therefore, they must be handled carefully.
Piezoelectric ceramic PZT-4 materials
The most common handling methods are avoiding direct exposure to UV light and storing the devices in a substantially shielded case. When conducting experiments, always be aware of possible physical damage that may have occurred. Inspect your piezoelectric ceramics before use, and do not subject them to repeated abnormal stresses, temperature changes, or shocks.
Because of the unique characteristics of piezoelectric ceramics, the choice of material is quite important. This decision should be based 0I the application and performance criteria listed below. To ensure that the piezoelectric ceramic components you choose will meet your specifications, it is often a good idea to consult an expert specializing in piezoelectric technology.
1) Cost: While all ceramic components are expensive, some types are more costly than others. Piezoelectric ceramics, for example, are one of the most expensive materials available today. But they are also the best long-term investment, with very low failure rates, as long as they are used and handled properly.
2) Operating temperature: As with other materials, piezoelectric ceramics limit the temperatures at which they can be used. Below the operating temperature, you can expect degradation in performance and lifetimes. However, it is important to note that atmospheric pressure can cause significant changes in the performance of any ceramic components due to thermal expansion, which is undesirable for piezoelectric ceramics.
3) Stress: The piezoelectric ceramic components can be affected by high-stress levels, such as strong shocks, that can cause severe vibrations. Subjecting the piezoelectric ceramic elements to high -stress environments can also cause microcracking and stress corrosion. To avoid all these problems, you could choose a material with low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) and high thermal stability. This will ensure that the microcracks remain small enough to prevent propagation, ensuring that the premature failure of the components does not occur.
As you can see, piezoelectric ceramics can be used in various applications. However, because they require special handling to ensure proper use and longevity, the choice of material is crucial. To ensure that the piezoelectric ceramic components you choose will meet your specifications, it is recommended that you consult with an expert who specializes in this area.
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