What is the history of piezoelectric ceramics？

Piezoelectric ceramics play a more and more important role in our life, we should realize the development process of piezoelectric ceramics.

In 1880, the Curie brothers first discovered the piezoelectric effect of tourmaline, began the history of piezoelectricity. The following year, Curie brothers experiment verified the inverse piezoelectric effect, giving the same positive and negative piezoelectric constant. Voigt pointed out that in 1894 only without a center of symmetry of 20 point group is possible with piezoelectric effect of crystal, quartz is a representative of a piezoelectric crystal, it is obtained the application. The first world war, the heir to the Curie lang, the first use of the piezoelectric effect of quartz, made the underwater ultrasonic detector, is used to detect submarines, thus unveils the piezoelectric application history chapter. Found the BaTiO3 ceramic in the second world war, the epoch-making progress was made in piezoelectric materials and their applications.

American insulation laboratory at the Massachusetts institute of technology in 1946, found that on barium titanate ferroelectric ceramics applied dc high voltage electric field, the preferred orientation, spontaneous polarization along the electric field direction can still maintain the remaining after removal of electric field polarization, giving it a piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric ceramic was born. In the second year, the United States Roberts on BaTiO3 ceramic, polarization under pressure, and obtained the voltage of piezoelectric ceramic, subsequently, Japan actively using BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer, high frequency transducer, pressure sensor, filter, resonator all sorts of research and application of piezoelectric devices such as this kind of research has been in the 50 s.

In 1955, the United States, B.J affe and others found than BaTiO3 piezoelectric PZT piezoelectric ceramics is superior, prompting the application of piezoelectric devices research and making a big push greatly. BaTiO3 times difficult to some practical use, especially in piezoelectric ceramic filters and resonators, as the PZT, and quickly in practical application, the application of surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter, delay line oscillator and SAW devices, in the late seventy s have also made real.