The Principle of Ultrasonic Cleaning Transducer

Transducer are devices how converting energy from one to another. As already mentioned, transducer, piezoelectric operate in two directions. Process pressure and vibration into electrical signals, but also, conversely, the electrical signals in pressure, sound and vibration. Piezoelectric transducers convert mechanical force proportional change in resistance, but they are unable to reverse conversion.
Transducer is the most important part of ultrasonic cleaning system.There are two types of transducers, a magnetic transducer made of nickel or a nickel alloy, and a piezoelectric transducer made of lead zirconate titanate or other ceramics. When a piezoelectric material is placed in a voltage-varying electric field, it is deformed, which is the so-called 'piezoelectric effect'. In contrast, magnetic transducers are made of a material which is deformed in a changing magnetic field.
Whatever transducers are used, the most basic factor is the strength of the cavitation effect. Cavitation is the formation(due to pressure differences in the fluid) of tiny local gas bubbles, which implode again after a very short period of time. The cavitation intensively cleans the contaminated surface of the substance, even with complicated shapes. The ultrasonic energy is transmitted into the fluid via the bottom and the walls of the cleaning tank, or via immersed transducers. The piezo composite transducers that generate the ultrasonic waves usually consist of at least two piezoelectric ceramics perforated rings mechanically preloaded with metallic end pieces. In very small cleaning baths, a single piezoelectric ceramic round plate is glued to the bottom of the tank.